Bright drying finishing composition



Patented May 13, 1952 2,596,960 BRIGHT DRYING FINISHING comrosrrronDaniel 'Schoenholz, Bronx, and Herbert Terry, New York, N. Y., assignorsto Foster D. Snell Inc., a corporation of New York No Drawing.Application February 7, 1947, Serial No. 727,284

4 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a method for finishing surfaces and to a resincomposition that,

when applied as a thin layer upon a surface and allowed to dry, gives abright film without polishing. More particularly the invention relatesto a special polyvinyl resin emulsion.

The invention is especially useful in connection with the finishing offloor surfaces of wood, linoleum, asphalt tile, and concrete. It will beillustrated in connection with such use.

Thr is no successful commercial use known to us' of bright dryingaqueous emulsions of resins In the case of pyroxylin lacquers, on theother-hand, there have been made special formulations for the aqueousemulsions seeking to assure substantially complete evaporation of thewater at an early stage in the-drying, so as to leave behind, near theend of the evaporation, a solvent solution of the pyroxylin.

We'have now discovered a composition and method which makes satisfactoryand desirable the use of aqueous emulsions of the selected resincomposition, not only with large economy but also with satisfactory wearresistance. This composition includes a retarder of the evaporation ofwater, so as to cause persistence of the aqueous emulsion until near thevery end of the drying period.

In the preferred embodiment, our invention comprises the hereindescribed method and an aqueous emulsion comprising (1) a polyvinylresin of kind to be described and in the form of very fine particles,suitably of average size not substantially larger than 0.6 micron; (2) anoncationic surface active agent, (3) a film coalescing'agent, and (4) aretarder of evaporation ojflwater, the said agent and retarder causingcoalescence of particles in the film. Preferably the compositionincludes also a polishing wax or an alkali soluble resin, to cause thefilm to be removable by hot soapy water, and an alkali to neutralize theacidity. The alkali may befomltted when none of the other componentsused-are acidic or develop acidity.

6hr emulsions have many advantages in ad dition to the economy and wearresistance referred to above. They are non-flammable, easily applied,and easily cleaned from the brushes or other articles used in theapplication. When applied and allowed to dry by evaporation of thewater, they leave behind a hard, tough, durable resinous film ofexcellent clarity, gloss, and high resistance to abrasion and to oilsand greases. While the films become somewhat less hard when moist, theyare not soluble in water.

2 They are free from excessive tackiness, slipperiness, and brittleness.They show excellent adhesion to usual flooring and other structuralmaterials including wood, linoleum, asphalt tile, rubber tile, terrazzo,plastics, metal,

and painted, waxed, or lacquered surfaces, whether dull or glossyoriginally.

COMPONENTS As the resin in the emulsion there is used a polymerizedvinyl compound of resinous consistency. Examples of such polyvinylresins that may be used are polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylchloride-acetate, copolymerized styrenebutadiene, polyvinyl chloride,polyacrylates, and copolymerized vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile. Forbest commercial results, including stability of emulsion, ease ofprocessing and high gloss of the dried film, especially on surfaces thatare rather porous initially, the vinyl resin used is polyvinyl acetatesuch as produced by polymerization of vinyl acetate in aqueous emulsion.In makingthis dispersed resin serving as one of our starting components,there is used to advantage a protective colloid such as gum arabic inthe proportion of about 0.5 to 3 parts for of the resin, and di-n-octylsodium sulfosuccinate or like surface active agent in the proportion ofabout 0.1 to 0.5 part.

The selected resin, in any event, must be in the form of extremely fineparticles of size averaging 0.6 micron or lower, preferably below 0.3micron. The finest particles that can be produced are satisfactory solong as they are not in true solution. Particles averaging larger than0.6 micron, on the other hand, do not give bright drying, durable filmunder all conditions of use. For the brightest films of the applied andthen dried emulsions, weuse particles of maximum average size 0.3 to 0.5micron down to submicroscopic size, say less than 0.25 micron on theaverage.

' As the surface active agent there is used a non-cationic material, 1.e., either an' anionic or non-ionic active agent. Such an agent has noobjectionable efi'ect'upon the stability of the emulsion and gives thedesirable combination of results discussed above. The agent used in ouremulsion must be not only non-cationic but also soluble in water anddispersible in the resin so that there is no clouding of the final filmof finishing material left after evaporation of the water. Examples ofsurface active agents that meet these general requirements aredi-n-octyl sodium sulfosuccinate, the oleic acid condensate ofpolyethylene oxide, sodium salt of a secondary alkyl sulfate, aryl alkylpolyether alcohol and an aryl polyether alcohol. These agents may beused singly or in combination, including combinations of anionic andnon-ionic ma- 5 terials.

The film coalescing agent which is used in our emulsion serves toprevent the separation of insoluble material with the production of anobjectionable whitening effect in forming the 1111111119.

of finishing material. Examples.ofifilmicoalesca, ing agent that may beused are diethylene glycol" diacetate, diacetin, tricresyl':phosphate,-:,.dihutyl phthalate, butyl phthalylbutylz'glycolatmimethybzz phthalyl ethyl glycolate, trimethyl glycol (ii-2 ethyl hexoate, and triethylenelglycol,di121ethyL, butyrate. A numberof these coalescing agents including the phosphate and the phthalates,are known to be water-insoluble.

When the film coalescing, agent is water soluble itmay .bexusedto serve:also.:.the.:function: of thei retardeltf .evaporationi;ofsrwater. 3....Otherwise:- there :iS used-1a separate material-;as:thei retardedof;evaporation..;

Th retarder is ca :.-.water. .soluble materia'lzjoi 5 boiling, .point.above lthat: qoi-iwatens: It: imustedaear compatible with theresiniselected; that.i.s,=;-'so1u+;. ble in the mixed resinand filmcoalescing agent without causing separation of the resin, byprecipitation, from l the-other. said agent brother words, the:- saidagent is dispersibleiin 1 the: .resin. Itiis aplasticizer-foritheresin.

Retarderscthat illustrate :the class of materials to she usedanditha't'have been-successfully em:

ployedsin ourz-emulsions areitriethanolamine the..g

oleie acid,condensatev with ;-.zpolyethylene moXide known.;-commercially asvNeutronyxz22spthei conp. densateiof grhigher fatty@acidsi'other tthan'roleicz with polygly'col -compounds:kncwmcommercially: as Neutronyx 332, ethyl lactate,='.diacetin, and diethylene. glycol diacetate. r Becausathesetretarda ersareinfinitely'soluble-in Water there isino: sep: aration' of: theretarderufrom ;the Nvater :(the: soleu. readily volatile solvent) of-the emulsi0n; as would:

bathecase with a difiicultyzsolubleand difii'cultlyzg volatile materialwhen the water ievaporatejs uiurszt ing:drying= of I arfilm'oli-thecompositionzonl axsurs' face-1 Certain components; it will benotedumayiservey more thanioneif-unctionl when:those:.-componen-ts meetthe requirements.stateddor -rtwor classes of 1 components;

Certain additional :components\ mayzbeiincor-ss porated-iin addition tothe esse'ntiali classesldis';

. are laidsdown .-from the resins emulsions ,of the type-described,lparticularlysat low temperatures and..=.-humidities.:Thenevaporationretarder, by

It' is considered=advisableinvsome instancesato preserve :in the'lfinished .=film'.; fisher-general: prope erti'esg of waxpolishingfilnisto which the gens. eral aisernismore or less.accustomed:To'prc-.a

duce suchifilms that may bebuffejd .or;rubbed-.up,:;

cientl-y,,- slow. asevaporationaproceeds permits the resins particles;because" -'()f 7 their Brownian movement; in a. highly; concentrated;medium, .to I

torelimina'te or iconceal scratches; scufiimarks; or other superficialabrasive efiects, we incorp'orate waxes, :or :mixturesof waxes and.:resins that ;-are solubleti-nthe selected-wax. a

The polishing a waxes employed :are also? of the; 5 typeconventionallyzused i :bright drying '-.:water;z WZXsdiSPBI'SiOIlS.Examples are :carnauhm; can? delilla'; montan;microcrystalline:.:.-,pet1:oleum:- waxes,.and,mixturesathereo .j Intocthese:. waxes-; there'may be incorporated.the.:wax-solublexesins..- suchsast natural'br synthetic: resins 01. igumszgasr; heatprocessedtifiruni.) Congo;.terpenephenolic; resins, and wood 'rosina...

A: redispersion; compound preferably; added-a io'r overcomingrtheisubstantiallyl :permanentads;

4 herence of the film to the surface to which applied, so as to make thefilm removable from a fioor by scrubbing with hot soap. and water. Theseare selected from compounds that are known to be soluble or dispersiblein hot soapy water, insoluble in the polyvinyl resin at normaltemperaturespadapted to gi-ve a brig-ht: film when deposited from asolution'or dispersion, and nondispersible in cold water. Examples ofsuch redispersion agents are the Wax or wax and resinadditivesdescribed.above for serving also a different'functioninpurcomposition. These are known.-:to-.-m'eet :the: general requirementshere stated .Examplesmio-ther satisfactory redispersion compoundsa'arethe alkali-soluble resins.

Representativecnes of these are copal and shellac-s As shown laterherein these resins are dispersible in aqueous ammonia solutions. Theresinsare known in the art as ammonia soluble.

Incorporation of the conventional type of bright drying;water-.=waxdispersions and ofathe alkali solubleresimsolutions':intosour compositions: re:

side; -.'a :pH ;of.: abouts? 'to110 being. necessary;-. 1

To raiseztheipl-io'f 'anyiemulsions which are 1138* low tha requisitepl-lyit is satisfactory'to add free alkali;triethanolaminecbeingpreferable; fornthis DUIDO'SGlbBCBLllSEiDf. that-act that .thetsalts itforms withifreeaacidv in ;the'.- emulsion: have a lowcrystallization:temperature;:ascompared-to ethe: saltsofmostiotherealkalies;and because the triethanolwax ,:dispersions ltO:acidic-r dispersions: without alkali'neutralizations Although-slightlyalkaline in themselves-,2theseavaxdispersionspupon the ad I dition.oflsurfacexactive-agentsi'of zthe type'zhei'einbefore setaorth; arerendered "stable wheniins. 2 corporatedinto such :a'cidic emulsions eventhough the finalapl-listill re'mains son: the-acid "side."

Functionsorrrinvnarous' Cannon-mire I The functionsof 'some' of thecomponents have been referredto briefly above.- Functions of'thosecomponents requiring more detailedpresentation are. discussed .in thissection.

Th'elmaterialsi referred .,to by ,the'rmeans ffilm coalescing. agent:andgffr'etarder. of, evaporation makinggtheloss ofwwater from the film.suflie strike each othervat a --satisfactoryr ,rate,- thus causing the:particles. softened .by the 'coalescing pecially under conditions: oflow temperature-and humiditwis-adiscontinuousypowdery:white layer. 1; of.discreteresin =particles.- i

In 2 addition to -reducing.- or-e1iminating: film whitening; underthe-iunfavorable conditions of. low: temperature andelowlhumidity-,.-the film: coalescing; gagent; alsorhastens and improves film 1:formation atiznormak temperatureswleadingc,to;

earlier attainment of water resistance in the film. I

' In order that finishing compositions may be applied easily anduniformly, by the usual methods of brushing, dipping or spraying, it isrequired that the compositions be adapted to wet the various types ofsurfaces to which application may be made, in spite of the dissimilarityof properties of the several components present. Most resin emulsions ofthe type indicated display poor wetting properties on smooth surfacessuch as metal, leather, new linoleum, and lacquer. Moreover, where it isnecessary to add non-water miscible filming agents such as a solventtype film coalescing agent or a modifying dispersion of waxes of thetype described, such agent or modifying dispersion is preferably addedin the form of a water dispersion. This form of addition is selectedboth to insure uniformity of incorporation and to prevent gelation orbreaking of the polyvinyl resin emulsion due to premature coalescent ofthe dispersed resin particles.

We have found that, by the use of surface active agents over and abovethat employed originally in making the polyvinyl resin emulsion, anunexpected combination of results is obtained in that (1) the desiredwetting and spreading of the emulsion over a wide variety of surfaces isobtained, (2) it is practicable to add, uniformly and without danger ofgelation, coagulation or breaking of the emulsion, large quantities offilming agents and/or modifying wax dispersions at various pH levels ofacidity or alkalinity, while (3) the water resistance of the finishedfilm and its strong and durable adherence to the finished surface afterdrying are preserved. The explanation of the latter result is consideredto be the fact that the surface active agent is dispersed in, and forthat reason surrounded by, water impermeable resinous material in thefinishing film.

It is considered that the removability feature, obtained fromincorporation of such wax or resin additives, is due to the facts thatfilms of such wax dispersions, resin dispersions, or solutions are inthemselves water sensitive to the degree that they are more or lesseasily removable with hot soap and water and that their uniform dis-'persion throughout the resin film prevents complete coalescence of resinparticles. This renders the entire'film somewhat water sensitive andhence susceptible of removal with hot soap and water.

As to the function of the added alkali, we have also found that certainresin emulsions of the type indicated, particularly polyvinyl acetateemulsions, contain certain proportions of salt forming materials such asacetic acid and vinyl acetate, the latter hydrolyzing on aging to giveacetic acid. On addition of an alkaline material, such astriethanolamine, or of alkaline wax or resin dispersions as describedbelow in the examples of the preparation of removable finishes, acetatesalts are formed by reaction of the acetic acid with the alkali. Suchsalts tend to crystallize at low temperatures and humidities, furtherincreasing the whitening effect. However, upon addition of the filmcoalescing and evaporation retarder agents as described, thecrystallization of such salts is effectively inhibited. It is considereddesirable, nevertheless, to employ emulsions with minimum quantities ofexcess acids, the allowable limits of such excess acids and hydrolyzableesters being set forth below in specific examples of polyvinyl acetateemulsions and compositions prepared from such emulsions.

Pnoros'rroxs Proportions of the several components may be varied inaccordance with the properties of the film required in different uses ofour emulsions.

Satisfactory and also the preferred proportions are shown in general inthe following table, all proportions in this table and elsewhere hereinbeing expressed as parts by weight.

1 To make 100 parts total but not less than 25 parts.

In the case of polystyrene used as'the emulsified resin base, theproportion of the coalescing agent may be 40 to parts. For'polyvinylacetate as the resin base, the saidagent should be used in theproportion of 5 to 18 parts. Three to 30 parts of a polishing wax aresuitably in cluded.

The proportion of the polyvinyl resin should be at least about 25% ofthe total solids in order to give the desired lustrous wear resistantfilm of finishing materials.

Lesser amounts of the added ingredients than the minimum shown in thetable are ordinarily inadequate to give the full function of the addedingredient. Amounts in excess of the maximum shown do not give anincrease in the effect commensurate with the added cost of the extraproportion of the ingredients added.

The polishing wax and redispersion agents may be omitted entirely iftheir functions are not desired.

IBIETHOD OF MAKING AND USING Our. EMULSION The resin emulsions of thetype indicated as used in our embodiments may be formed or supplied inrelatively concentrated form and then diluted with added water at orshortly before the time of preparation of the compositions or at thetime of use by the ultimate consumer. Thus the emulsions may be made tocontain, say 10 to 60 parts of the polyvinyl resin for parts of theemulsion and then diluted down at the time of use to a lowerconcentration. In such emulsions, a conventional protective colloid ispreferably used, as, for example, gum arabic, hydroxy ethyl cellulose,and polyvinyl alcohol, and an interfacial tension depressant as, forexample, the din-octyl ester of sodium sulfo succinate. Emulsions thatare particularly satisfactory for application upon a floor by brushing,for instance, are those made by adding the various additives anddiluting the final composition to a concentration of about from 12 to 25parts of total nonvolatile ingredients for 100 parts of the totalcomposition.

Although our compositions are primarily intended for application onflooring surfaces, we have found that by minor and non-criticaladjustments in formulation, they may be readily employed for applyingdurable, glossy finishes on a; wide variety" of surfaces. These include.

automobile bodies, plastic.;art-icles, lacquerediand painted surfacesgenerally, furniture, leather; paper, fruits and metaLwa restrictionbeing that the surface to which application is made be not so, porous asto' completely or almost completely absorb the compositions rso that'ianinsuflici'ent amount of' solid film-'forming'material is leftiexkposed.Where. the surface is porous,.application of one or more.sealer;cojats'maybe. necessary; be,-

- fore gloss j is f obta'ined. Alternatively a higher.

rapid agitation is required to insure uniform dispersal but the entireprocedure maybe carried out at room temperature thus effecting obvioussavings. Although wax, gum and resin dispersions or solutions mayrequire heat for preparati tm,-e ifter preparation they maybe added'tothe polyvinyl resin dispersion cold,in" the mannerindicated" below.

Thefcombine'd use. of the non-removable and; removablejlfypecompositions; as herein described resultsin definite advantages infinishing surfaces,,particularly those subject to heavy wear, aslfforexample; 'fio'ors:on which there is a constantistream Lofi trafli'c';Application". may? first be. made of a non-removable't'ype\of'foomp'osition, so as to seal the surfaceandiprovide a'toughglossyfbasei -A removable type; composition is then placed 'over the'non remova'ble base coat.

abrasion causes scratching ormarrinig of the surface the top' coat mayberemoved by. scrub bing. with hot; soap and water,1leaving the base coatintact after which anewtop coatinay be applied,. the original 2"flooring; surface remaining protectedthroughouttheientire process; V

The following formulas represent satisfactory compositions in accordancewith the invention;

PREPARING DISPERSIONS FOR it: FINAL CoMroUNnmo" The following wax,,i'resinr;andv gum dispersionareemployedxas components andadditives ncertainrof ourembodiments set .aiorth-below and hence:-aredisplayedmere,

obb'az dispersion v i .Eounds: Manila.DBB;copalI N; 153., Ammonia; 26Be. i 161 Water r 636 The dispersion is preparedyby stirring" theingredi'entsat an- '-elevated"-' temperature not above actedwith"the-alkali. Then filter non dispersi-bles andmake 'up with water to1 12 solids;

snezzacldibersibn Pounds ssoaioorgais.

The d spersion is prepared bystirr ng; 13116511 1" gredients at atemperature of from 80 to L007. Ch until the shellac ,is completely,-fcut'. ;or reacted "with; the alkali.

self-beaming waarispe smn atemperature and added slowlyiato Part, Awith: vigorous-and rapid agitation. Part Clientlien-E addedalso attheasameitemperature. The:disI-' persionis finally cooled-withagitation.

A polystyrene 1 emulsion is usediat BrSOHd-SfCOIl-r centration of 40%.Theresin ispolystyrene-of: molecular- Weight approximately 5001100.

A polyvinylidene 'chloride-acrylonitrile emul siorr-is used at asolidsconcentration of 56% The resin is a copolymer of vinylidene chloride andacrylonitrile, the particlefsizeofmtheldis persed resin phase rangingfrom 0118-015: micron.

Polyvinyl chloride-emulsion is used ati 56'% solids. The resin" containsa polymer 'offivinyl; chloride and "35% dioct'yl phthalate plasticizeron the weight of unplasticized resin, the plastieizer having beenincorporated-into the -resin during thepolymerizationprocess;

-A polyvinyl chloride-acetate J emulsion i s use'd' ata-concentrationjof 52% solids. The resin i'sia copolymer of" vinylchloride-vinyl acetates A pol'y'acrylic emulsion is use'd at a solidcon; centrationof 30%. Tlier-esin is' a copolymeriof acrylicacidderivatives, the ha-rdne'ss of the resin being "designated as- 1nedium.'I i The polyacrylate' resins contain froml25;% =to 50% solids" and aregenerally of the non-tacky type.

,PoLvvrvYL' ACETATE; Eiuursroivs Polyvinylpacetate: emulsions; arenusedataabout. 35 %..so.1ids;' The; resin; is: polyvinyl-acetate pro--ducedby. polymerization of vinylacetatelinzaquer; ous: emulsion, theparticle; size ,of the:- dispersed resin::phase1 ranginggfrom0.035-0282111161301'1; As. hereinbefore noted, t-hepresence of:residuak-vinylacetateaand' acetic acid in thesev emulsions. tends.- toaffectt-he. appearance-pf films: laid idownImm certain rof. ourcompositions employing; athese emulsions, this-being particularly-tweet,low-tern! eraturesrandhumidities, the =efiect being-due: the:formationof :saltsguporx reactioniwith' alkaline additives. 1 MoreoVen-sthepresence-30f :vinyl ace-rtat'e in: the;emu1sions,introducesaa: slight;amount of: odor-which we prefer; 1201' eliminate as; nearly aspossible,;.duezto .theotherwise completely.- odor lessinatureofi-thi'stypezofemulsion.

"For this reasorrwe prefer: to-use polyvinyllacez-v tate emulsions:which-:3 the total; residualzaceticacid is below 0.2% on the weight ofemulsion, al-

though a total acetic acid percentage as high as 0.5% is allowable.Similarly we prefer to employ polyvinyl acetate emulsions in which thetotal vinyl acetate is below 0.2% on the total weight of emulsion.Because of the possibility of the vinyl acetate serving as source offurther acetic acid, the total combined percentagesof the acetic acidand vinyl acetate should be no greater than 0.5% on the weight ofpolyvinyl acetate emulsion.

In the following examples, the figures represent parts by weight. Itwill be understood that certain of the active materials may be dilutedwith unobjectionable conventionally used inert materials, as inproportions shown in certain formulas.

EXAMPLES OF COMPLETE FINISHING C'0MrosrrIONs- NON-REMOVABLE TYPE Example1 .PART A Polyvinylidiene chloride acrylonitrile latex 45 PART B Butylphthalyl butyl glycolate Ethyl lactate 3.5 Oleic acid condensate ofpolyethylene oxide,

25% active matl Water 21.5

Example 2 Polyvinyl chloride emulsion 50 Oleic acid condensate ofpolyethylene oxide,

8 Triethanolamine 3 Water 39 Example 3 Polyvinyl acetate 28Triethanolamine 1 Dibutyl phthalate 1 Oleic acid condensate ofpolyethylene oxide,

Water 66 Example 4 Polyvinyl acetate 28 Triethanolamine 1 Dibutylphthalate 1 Aryl polyether alcohol, 25% active material 4 Water 66REMOVABLE TYPE or FINISHING COMPOSITION Example 5 PART A Polyvinylidinechloride acrylonitrile emulsion 36 PART B Triethanolamine 2 Dibutylphthalate 6.5

Oleic acid condensate of polyethylene oxide,

25% act. mat 3 Di-n-octyl sodium sulfosuccinate, 25% act.

mat 3 Water 16 .PART C Wax dispersion A 1'7 Oleic acid condensate ofpolyethylene oxide,

25% 1.5 Di-n-octyl sodium sulfosuccinate 25% 1.5 Water 13.5

:10 Example 6 .PART A Polyvinyl acetate emulsion 25 PART BTriethanolamine 1 Dibutyl phthalate 1 Oleic acid condensate ofpolyethylene oxide,

25% 2 Water 25 .PART 0 Wax dispersion A 10 Oleic acid condensate ofpolyethylene oxide,

25% 2 Water 34 Example 7 PART A Polyvinyl acetate emulsion 25 PART BTriethanolamine 1 Dibutyl phthalate 1 Oleic acid condensate ofpolyethylene oxide,

25% 4 Water 25 PART C Shellac dispersion 10 Oleic acid condensate ofpolyethylene oxide,

25% 4 Water 30 The .procedures employed for preparation of the foregoingsamples are as follows:

In making the non-removable types of Examples 1 to 4, the ingredientsother than the resin emulsion (first line of the formulas) arepreferably mixed together before the addition to the resin emulsion.

In all the examples, the average size of the particles in the said resinemulsion was less than 0.3 micron.

Examples 1 through 7 are prepared by dispersing or dissolving all thematerials with the exception of the resin emulsion so as to give auniform dispersion or solution. This may be done with vigorous, rapidagitation. This dispersion or solution is then added slowly, withvigorous agitation, to the resin emulsion. After complete mixing hastaken place, the composition is ready for use.

Examples 5-7 are prepared by mixing, dispersing or dissolving thevarious indicated parts so that each part is itself in a uniformcondition. The various parts are then mixed in the order indicated, eachbeing added slowly with vigorous agitation.

When applied to the surface to be finished, the compositions dry to goodbright films,

To give a finish with a permanent base coat and a removable upper coat,there is applied first acomposition of the non-removable film type(Examples 1 to 4), this is allowed to dry, and then there is applied acomposition of removable kind illustrated in Examples 5-7.

It will be understood also that it is intended to cover all changes andmodifications of the examples of the invention herein chosen for thepurpose of illustration which do not constitute departures from thespirit and scope of the invention.

What we claim is:

1. A finishing composition giving a bright drying film when applied as athin-'layer and dried upon a surface, the composition being an emul-:tmaterials otherflthan water in ithefinishing=icom 11 sion in water ofpazrti'cles of a polyvinyl resin of size averaging not above-0.6 micron,a water insoluble solvent plasticizer. for the-resinservingasafilm-coalescirig agent, an emulsified bright 'diyposition, anon-cationic surface active agent that is soluble in water and.dispersiblein ,theresin,

resin and said agent and infinitely solilblein Water and the watercons'titiiting the sole readily volatile ingredient of the composition.

2. A finishing composition as-describedinclaim lincllfding an ammo-1m"re'sin' 'sele'cteffi'om' the group consisting of copal' and shellac,the additional resin. beingldispersiblei infzhotg-soapy water.

..3 .i A finishingecomposition as described i'n cliim1,='tlie'.saidfemulsionvbeingtaniemulsidmof copolymerized vinyliclenechloride-.acrylonitrile;

ilmmnsisieescimeni 2,392,135 Farr Jan. 1321946 2,413,197 Smith et al.Dee ZAQl-Q-ifi OTHERB" gnnnNcEs India Rubber World; A p'f il 1946, page83.

1. A FINISHING COMPOSITION GIVING A BRIGHT DRYING FILM WHEN APPLIED AS A THIN LAYER AND DRIED UPON A SURFACE, THE COMPOSITION BEING AN EMULSION IN WATER OF PARTICLES OF A POLYVINYL RESIN OF SIZE AVERAGING NOT ABOVE 0.6 MICRON, A WATER INSOLUBLE SOLVENT PLASTICIZER FOR THE RESIN SERVING AS A FILM-COALESCING AGENT, AN EMULSIFIED BRIGHT DRYING POLISHING WAX SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CARNAUBA, CANDELILLA, MONTAN, MICROCRYSTALLINE PETROLEUM WAXES, AND MIXTURES THEREOF IN THE PROPORTION OF 3 TO 30 PARTS OF THE WAX ON THE ANHYDROUS BASIS TO 100 PARTS OF THE TOTAL MATERIALS OTHER THAN WATER IN THE FINISHING COMPOSITION, A NON-CATIONIC SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT THAT IS SOLUBLE IN WATER AND DISPERSIBLE IN THE RESIN, AND A RETARDER OF EVAPORATION OF WATER, THE RETARDER OF EVAPORATION BEING A LIQUID OF BOILING POINT ABOVE 100* C. THAT IS SOLUBLE IN THE MIXED RESIN AND SAID AGENT AND INFINITELY SOLUBLE IN WATER AND THE WATER CONSTITUTING THE SOLE READILY VOLATILE INGREDIENT OF THE COMPOSITION. 